3e SRD:Favorable and Unfavorable Conditions
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Favorable and Unfavorable Conditions
Use these adjustments whenever a character is making a melee, ranged, full, or other type of attack action.
| Circumstance | Melee | Ranged |
|---|---|---|
| Attacker flanking defender* | +2 | |
| Attacker on higher ground | +1 | +0 |
| Attacker prone | -4 | ** |
| Attacker invisible | +2*** | +2*** |
| Defender sitting or kneeling | +2 | -2 |
| Defender prone | +4 | -4 |
| Defender stunned, cowering, or off balance | +2*** | +2*** |
| Defender climbing (cannot use shield) | +2*** | +2*** |
| Defender surprised or flat-footed | +0*** | +0*** |
| Defender running | +0*** | -2*** |
| Defender grappling (attacker not) | +0*** | +0**** |
| Defender pinned | +4*** | -4*** |
| Defender has cover | See Cover | See Cover |
| Defender concealed or invisible | See Concealment | See Concealment |
| Defender helpless | See Helpless Defenders | See Helpless Defenders |
*A character flanks a defender when the character has an ally on the opposite side of the defender and that ally threatens the defender
**Most ranged weapons can't be used while the attacker is prone, but a character can use a crossbow while prone.
***The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
****Roll randomly to see which grappling character is struck when an attack is made against two or more grappling characters. The character attacked also loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
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